Perhaps the most striking 
example of depth achieved 
through motion, however, is 
the stereokinetic effect, first 
described in 1924 by C. L. 
Musatti. If a pattern of 
asymmetrically concentric 
circles drawn on a disk is 
rotated about its center, the 
rotation soon leads to a 
powerful illusion of depth, 
resembling either a truncated 
cone sticking out or a tunnel-
like structure receding inward. 
Although the method of 
generating this effect (namely, 
rotating a patterned disk) 
differs from that of generating 
the kinetic depth effect 
(namely, casting shadows of 
rotating wire figures), both are 
examples of a similar 
phenomenon. What they have 
in common is the production of 
perceptual depth from rotating 
displays that yield a 
transformation in the retinal 
image of the component parts of 
the object. 
 
    These motion-perspective, 
kinetic, and stereokinetic 
depth effects are obviously 
related to those of motion 
parallax. They all have in 
common a change in the 
projected location of regions 
of an object or array relative 
to one another, brought about 
when the object, the entire 
array, or the observer moves. 
Research on their differences 
from one another, however, 
has not yet clarified whether 
they should all be regarded as 
instances of the same depth 
cue.